Unclassified ECO / WKP ( 2001 ) 13
نویسنده
چکیده
/RÉSUMÉ The paper looks at patterns of regulation in service industries and explores their implications for service performance. Focusing on restrictions to market mechanisms, a map of the state of service regulation in OECD countries is provided, based on data recently collected and summarised by the OECD. The paper also surveys the available crosscountry empirical evidence on the effects of regulatory reform on service productivity, prices and innovation. Finally, it discusses ways in which regulation can encourage competition, efficiency and investment in those segments of the service industries where non-competitive elements persist. The main conclusions reached are: i) in the past two decades OECD governments extensively reformed regulatory environments in both competitive and network service industries, generally making them closer to market mechanisms; ii) however due to differences in initial conditions and in the pace of reform, within each service industry the dispersion of regulatory approaches is still wide and a large scope for further reform exists; iii) crosscountry empirical evidence suggests that these reforms could contribute substantially to improve economic performance and living standards in the OECD area; iv) but to take full advantage of the reform process, policies in network service industries should take into due account the implications of regulatory settings for the incentives of regulated firms to invest and innovate. Cette étude analyse les approches réglementaires dans les secteurs des services et explore leurs implications pour les performances sectorielles dans les pays de l'OCDE. En concentrant l'attention sur les restrictions imposées aux mécanismes de marché, l'étude décrit l'état de la régulation des services en 1998 à partir des données récemment rassemblées par l'OCDE. L'étude examine aussi l'évidence empirique concernant les effets de la réforme de la réglementation sur la productivité, les prix et l'innovation dans les services. Enfin, elle analyse la manière dont la régulation peut encourager la concurrence, l'efficience et l'investissement dans les marchés des services où il existe encore des segments non-concurrentiels. Les principales conclusions sont : i) au cours des deux dernières décennies les gouvernements de l'OCDE ont réformé d'une façon extensive les réglementations concernant les services purement concurrentiels et les services de réseaux ; ii) pourtant, à cause de différences dans les conditions initiales et dans le rythme des réformes, pour chaque service il existe encore de fortes disparités dans les approches réglementaires, et les possibilités de réforme sont loin d'être épuisées ; iii) l'évidence empirique au niveau international suggère que ces …
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